Undeclared care work in the EU: Policy approaches to a complex socioeconomic challenge
eurofound.europa.eu (25.03.2025) The scale of undeclared care work (paid care work that is lawful but not declared to public authorities) in the EU is considerable. Recent estimates suggest that 6.8 million undeclared workers provide care or household services across the EU, with 2.1 million specifically in the care sector. Undeclared care workers are predominantly women and often are migrants.
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Europe
Global challenges
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Difficult-to-cover groups
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