Development Pathways (Nov 2019) The report focuses on the Inua Jamii Senior Citizens’ Programme which is a tax-financed benefit-tested social pension that is provided to Kenyans when they reach 70 years of age. By ensuring a universal income guarantee to all of Kenya citizens in old age, the programme represents Kenya’s largest tax-financed social security programme and its first entitlement scheme.

onenews.ph (19.09.2019) “Empowering our elderly through universal social pension will also contribute to the reduction of poverty and inequality, provide transformative support to ordinary families, and further stimulate the economy,” Sen. Risa Hontiveros said.

Oecd working paper (2019) The mission of the French High Commission for Pension Reform is to prepare the reform introducing a universal pension points system in France. This paper explains why implementing a universal points system in France would increase transparency, reduce inequality and generate efficiency gains for the whole economy. It documents the experience of OECD countries which have opted for a points or a notional defined contribution (NDC) schemes, and provides a technical framework to compare defined benefit, points and NDC pension systems.

NewsClick (02.07.2019) The Bihar Government on June 14 launched the Mukhyamantri Vridhajan Pension Yojna (MVPY), an old-age pension scheme that targets people above 60 years of age. The scheme brought under the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) programme has two slabs for pension disbursement — Rs. 400 per month for those in the 60 to 79 years age group and Rs 500 per month for the elderly above 80 years. The scheme has been termed ‘universal’ because under this, the pension is no longer limited to the elderly that are identified under the BPL (Below Poverty Line) section.

Times of India (14.06.2019) Bihar on Friday became the first state to launch a universal old-age pension scheme in which each person at the age of 60 years and above, irrespective of their financial, family or caste status, will get a sum of Rs 400 per month directly in his/her bank account.

oecd (28.01.2019) The notion that social protection is “universal” rests on two elements, namely that “everyone” is “covered.”