This paper provides new evidence on the development of online platforms and explores the emergence of new forms of work in the digital economy. Following the rise of platforms that match demand and supply of goods (e-commerce) and information (search, social networks), platform markets for services traded over the Internet (the "x"-economy) have grown exponentially in recent years.

accenture.com (2016) The platform economy is emerging as one of the most powerful manifestations of the digital revolution, which we also refer to as the “fourth industrial revolution.”

France Stratégie (22.06.2018) La technologie blockchain promet des transactions programmables sans intervention d’un tiers de confiance. Le potentiel disrupteur d’une telle innovation appelle une stratégie publique alliant régulation et soutien à l’innovation… sans attendre.