Digital Convergence Initiative (April 2026) This report examines the barriers and enablers of digital interoperability aimed at enhancing the cross-border portability of social security entitlements across contributory schemes that address key life-cycle risks. Conducted under the Digital Convergence Initiative (DCI), the study combines a desk-based review of the literature and policy frameworks with key informant interviews, complemented by comparative case studies from the European Union (EU), Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to illustrate variations in legal coordination, system maturity, and digital integration. The analysis is motivated by the limited evidence base on portability beyond the EU and the growing potential of digital ecosystems to strengthen coordination, interoperability, and data governance, while acknowledging that the scarcity of documented experiences and practitioner insights constrain the breadth of available information.