SAP Institute for Digital Government (May 2018) This series examines areas of interest to members of the International Social Security Association (ISSA) related to emerging technologies enabling data-driven policy and practice. All modern governments have rich stores of customer and case data, but most government agencies struggle to convert this data into meaningful information and actionable insights. The reasons for this include: government data fragmentation, data quality, difficulties to identify pivotal events and emerging trends, regulatory constraints, and performance issues on analytical processing. This article analyses such challenges for taking advantage of Big Data and discusses how Real-Time Computing could contribute to overcome them.