In Madagascar, a large proportion of the population lacks access to social protection, especially rural producers. For more than a decade, government policy and legislation have foreseen the extension of social security coverage to the entire working population. However, only the scheme for salaried employees is in existence to provide such generalized social security coverage. To remedy this situation, the National Social Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale de prévoyance sociale – CNaPS), which has several years of experience in managing social security for private-sector employees, took the initiative to conduct a number of studies with a view of establishing a pension scheme for rural producers. The strategies adopted involved capitalizing on the accumulated expertise and experience of its human resources assigned to the studies, close collaboration with the target population, and finally the submission of draft texts prepared based on the findings to the competent government bodies.