A steady natural population decline was observed in the Russian Federation between 1992 and 2006.

In order to increase the birth rate, complementary measures of state support for families with children were introduced in 2007 in the form of maternity (family) capital.
The amount of the maternity (family) capital is adjusted annually (453,000 roubles - around USD11,000 - in 2016).

Citizens of the Russian Federation are eligible for the maternity (family) capital: women, who give birth to, or adopt, a second (or more) child and men, who are sole adopters of a second (or more) child.

The right to the maternity (family) capital is confirmed by a state certificate. Certificate holders can use the funds either to improve the living conditions of their families, to invest in the education of their children, or to form pension savings for the mother.

Since 2016, the maternity (family) capital may also be spent on the social adaptation and integration of disabled children.