In the implementation of the Indonesian Social Health Insurance (called JKN), that had been started on 1st of January 2014 based on the Health Ministry Regulation No. 69/2013 about health care payment standard that increased the capitation cost from Rp. 2.000 to Rp. 6.000,-. ( Rp 400 million to Rp 1.2 billion per month - USD 31 thousands to USD 93 thousands).
BPJS Kesehatan (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan) is a public agency established to implement the social security programme. The ultimate vision of BPJS Kesehatan is "Universal Health Coverage"; to provide all participants with health care benefits and protection to meet the basic needs of health care. As Indonesia is fourth most populous country in the world there are a large number of participants, so BPJS Kesehatan is facing constraints in the participants' registration process.
In an archipelago country like Indonesia, the financial barrier is not the only barrier to healthcare access, but also the socio-geographical barrier. Health facilities are distributed unevenly throughout the nation, where hospitals are only available at the district level. The lack of infrastructure to reach the hospitals is another challenge for rural patients to receive treatment. On the other hand, there are sufficient numbers of primary healthcare facilities in the rural areas, which are not utilized optimally.
