Targeting at building a social security system that covers the urban and rural residents in an all-round way, the Chinese government has formulated and implemented a universal social security enrolment programme focusing on the old-age insurance and medical insurance. By the end of 2017, the registration of all the targeted groups across China has been basically completed through the measures of policy optimizing, publicity, strict law enforcement, service improvement and registration at every address. Thus, the national database for universal coverage has been basically formed, providing effective data support for the implementation of the universal enrolment programme in the next stage.