The Republic of Moldova is one of the major source countries of migrant workers in Europe. It is estimated that over 1 million Moldovans are migrant workers working all over Europe and beyond. In these circumstances, ensuring the equality of treatment in social security for migrant workers is of critical importance. To protect the rights of Moldovan migrants, the authorities of the Republic of Moldova have taken steps to conclude bilateral agreements on social security with the main destination states of Moldovan citizens working abroad. Moldova signed the first agreement on granting pension rights with Russia in 1995, followed by Uzbekistan, Ukraine and Belarus in the same year and Azerbaijan in 1997. Also, in the context of globalization, and the subsequent liberalization of visa regime with the European Union, the number of migrant workers was continually increasing. In these circumstances, in order to extend social security coverage to the unprotected population, the Republic of Moldova has signed bilateral agreements on social security with 11 European countries, such as Bulgaria, Portugal, Romania, Luxembourg, Austria, Estonia, Czech Republic, Belgium, Poland, Hungary and Lithuania.