In 2023, the Poverty Global Department launched an initiative to take stock of this growing body of knowledge. What did we know about which real-time monitoring (RTM) approaches worked best in different settings? A key milestone in this agenda was the publication of Measuring Welfare When It Matters Most: A typology of approaches for real-time monitoring. That publication mapped out the broader landscape of existing RTM approaches, reflecting on relevant use cases and caveats and providing a summary of key methodological resources. The aim was to guide practitioners in choosing the most context-appropriate tools to answer their questions. This edited volume was prepared as a complement to that publication, aimed at those readers interested in learning more about how RTM approaches have been practically applied on the ground. Measuring Welfare When it Matters Most: Learning from Country Applications delves deeper into selected examples, offering a more detailed look at how to design and implement high-frequency monitoring systems in different types of country settings and in response to different types of policy questions. The chapters walk the reader through these case studies and reflect on methodological best practices, practical challenges, and lessons learned.